Batteries in big energy: what don't we understand?

In brief

Beginning with Musk's 100-day bet and the Hornsdale battery in South Australia (2017), the author debunks the idea that batteries merely "buy cheap, sell dear", showing with 2018–19 data that they respond in milliseconds, can replace inertia and cut frequency-control costs by about A$116 million. He concludes that Bulgaria lacks Australia's political will and risk capital but can catch up.